Rabbi Wein minces no words in his descriptions of the anti-religious ideologies that shaped the character of the Zionist movement. The Yiddish culturalists, with their plays depicting rabbis in the worst light imaginable, were second only to the communists in their hatred of Judaism. Attempting to replace Torah with a reinvented "Jewish culture," the secular Zionists made the fatal mistake of underestimating the tenacity of religious Jews.