Socialism, the Bund & Radicalism
Jewish Brothers in Conflict

Unlike the haskala, which sought to create "a new Jew," socialism and radicalism proposed to solve the Jews' problems by solving the world's problems. With pogroms occurring with greater frequency, tens of thousands of Jews embraced radical ideologies and abandoned Judaism completely. These ideologies infiltrated the Zionist movement, creating the institution of kibbutz and rendering the modern State of Israel into a melting pot of contradictions.